Here’s a grammatical question I have had lately:
The first sentence should seem fairly pedestrian and intelligible..
“The sales associate, whose business card I have at home, did a great job showing the elegance and sophistication of Mac OS X”
In this statement, the clause in the appositive (the bit between commas) modifies the subject, “the sales associate”. Now we refer to people by “who” and object by “what” or “which”. Therefore “whose” is based off of “who” and corresponds to a statement about a person.
My question comes about when speaking in a parallel construction as the above about an inanimate object.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/10/daniel-everett-amazon
Daniel Everett went to teach the Gospel to tell the Gospel to the Amazonian Pirahã people. Instead he lost his faith, discovered a counter-example ( he believes ) to Chomskian universal grammar, and lost his marriage and the relationship with his children. A fascinating story.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequentative
Hm, the Frequentative is interesting.
To kissle and huggle one’s beloved is more than an affectionate diminuation.
It’s grammatical too.
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/adventure-of-english/
One of my most favorite documentaries ever!!!!! Arch-condescentionaut Melvyn Bragg gives a tour of our language!! Pretty much everyone I studied with in college will love it.
Yesterday at dinner my dining companion said, when speaking of a certain “bad neighborhood:” “…the smell of weed and hookers.”
For a moment my mind flashed and I imagined one of the Tenderloin brownstones (Ellis and Post-ish) whence a head sticks out the window because it has been awoken by an acrid, herbal smell and a powdery, cigarette-y, smell wafting in the open window and it bellows: “Get your weed and hookers out of here, some decent people have to go to work in the morning!”
Curiously, the other two listeners at the table had also been so aurally misdirected and, upon asking the raconteuse to clarify, much mirth ways had.
Unicode bumper sticker
I assembled the following answer by finding several disparate pieces to the puzzle, but I didn’t find an all-in-one explanation. So here’s how I did it.
As someone who has studied several European languages and a notation system or two, I really like having access to the special symbols unique to a language. While OSX makes it easy to enter the standard Latin character set “special” glyphs like é thanks to ( ⌥+e, e ), other characters are not so easy to find without a “character picker” like logic and set theory “?” or the Dutch “?
http://mentalfloss.com/article/52650/what-shakespeare-plays-originally-sounded
It wasn’t the received pronunciation of Olivier, it was a Danish-legacy-bearing, Scandinavian, robust sound.
Translation is a maddening and addictive past time. The more you spend time in that foreign tongue, the more you find its hear, mind, and beauty. Maybe sometimes you couldn’t leave after you reached “The End.” Seems to have happened to JRRR Tolkein and “Beowulf.” http://nyr.kr/1kdv8bA
Beth Nottingham told me this in 1996 and I’ve now seen it, albeit not live.
http://laughingsquid.com/the-unique-way-in-which-the-locals-of-umea-sweden-say-yes-without-the-use-of-words/
http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2014/08/22/341898975/a-picture-of-language-the-fading-art-of-diagramming-sentences
I find this knowledge so fascinating. My former Latin prof used to use it to pick apart complex sentences (they always are in Latin).
English speakers know that their language is odd. So do people saddled with learning it non-natively.
Boy howdy.
The article covers Frisian, Saxon influence, etc. It’s full of good stuff.
https://aeon.co/essays/why-is-english-so-weirdly-different-from-other-languages
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-man-who-invented-dothraki/471495/
I’m endlessly fascinated by these languages ever since my Latin-Dutch brain fires in S3 GoT that “dracarys” was probably a genitive of draak, or dragon.
http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/06/star-trek-tng-and-the-limits-of-language-shaka-when-the-walls-fell/372107/#article-comments
One of the most fascinating articles I’ve ever read about inter-planetary communication. How could we communicate with minds that are dramatically different than ours? The article recalls elements of Orson Scott Card’s “Xenocide” and Sagan’s “Contact.” I know the (latest) “Wow!” signal is probably an aberration, but these are the difficulties of the future.
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-anyone-and-everyone
Here’s a tough (English) linguistics question I’m chasing down: What is the difference between “anyone” and “everyone?” Anyone means that “For all X, given any arbitrary X, some quality is the case.” Everyone means that for all X they exhibit some quality.
I’m not sure that there’s a satisfactory answer in this link, but it’s something I’m interested in understanding.
Why is it that priordial origin stories are so similar across times and places?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-trace-society-rsquo-s-myths-to-primordial-origins/
This movie was wonderful. Centering on how different creatures communicate mathematically or with sound or with symbol, we show how language reveals different minds, and possibly different views on reality itself.
http://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2016/11/23/503109667/the-arrival-of-the-hectapods-time-holds-the-key-to-everything
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism_(psychology)
Some “Westworld” theories are going to loopy places. But I think that the runners are referring to Julian Jaynes (largely discredited) scientific theory that consciousness started when mankind stopped hearing God’s voice in their head and realized it was their own inner monologue. Ergo after this moment “prophecy” became a recollected memory that didn’t happen anymore.
It’s a fascinating, and probably specious, psycholinguistic theory that retains a certain attractiveness, predictive power aside.
“The origin of consciousness in the breakdown of the bicameral mind” is the book’s title.
Anyone who’s used English in any capacity knows that “you” is a sorry excuse for a plural pronoun.
https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/03/the-case-for-yall/473277/
Man I love stuff like this. Somehow, some way, all humans converge on this idea that things that mean action, at their root, don’t sound like things that mean things.
http://www.livescience.com/937-surprise-linguists-nouns-verbs-sound.html#undefined.uxfs
[https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/16/indigenous-australian-storytelling-records-sea-level-rises-over-millenia][1]
I’ve always wondered about what was going on in the mythological texts which define most of modern religions’ practice.
The oral tradition of Australia’s native population has fascinating properties, including error correction. Basically story “owners’” families check that they’ve memorized the tale with proper fidelity. This prevents the “telephone” phenomenon.
Fascinatingly, the natives recall a rapid sea rise overtaking ancestral lands ~ 7,000 years ago. I’ll wager that what we call the Flood myth in the Abrahamaic religions was actually sea-rise occasioned by the melting of the glaciers.
https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/16/indigenous-australian-storytelling-records-sea-level-rises-over-millenia
I have often taught students that JS is like English: weird looking & hard to always predict but in every niche it somehow gets by: Chinglish, Hinglish, Danelaw, US-EN, Carib patois, etc. English always manages to work its way in and has proven extremely difficult to extirpate (ask the French). JavaScript will be the same.
Recently, while traveling the interior of Texas, my friend Mike texted a photo
of these T-shirts to me. To me this was a postcard from hyperreality: a
different place with different rules of meaning that, seductively, was
masquerading as reality.
Socialism Distancing? Socialism Distancing? What is that? It looks like word
salad generated by a CAPTCHA gone crazy. “Socialism,” noun; “Distancing,” noun.
The more I thought about it, the more perplexed I became. The noun of
“distancing” should certainly be modified by an adjective.
So, the shirt designer’s intention, rendered grammatical, was to say
“social(ist) distancing.” Holding that to be true, that doesn’t seem to
communicate much either. What is signified by “socialist distancing” instead
of:
“capitalist distancing”
“supply-side distancing”
“voodoo distancing”
“Keynsian distancing”
“Maoist distancing”
I humbly submit that no one, including the designer or the proprietor of the
establishment could tell me what the sign “socialist distancing” means
vis-à-vis Merriam Webster’s definition:
socialism: noun: any of various economic and political theories advocating
collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of
production and distribution of goods
This word, “socialism,” as used on this T-Shirt was a message in a bottle from
hyperreality that had drifted into our world. To understand what’s afoot here,
I leaned on my recollection of postmodern philosophy, French Style. And for
this we will turn to that enfant terrible, Jean Baudrillard and his
challenging work Simulacra and Simulation.
I was walking down Broadway the other day and a trio of teen boys were talking
and walking when one of them copped his best New York accent — something
between the average resident of Pachogue, Long Island and Tony Soprano —
and said “I got a guy.” His friends laughed, and the rest of their interaction
carried on.
I think “having a guy” reveals something profound about New York City. Here we
are, piled upon each other in great density. How is the customer to be served
when those who can provide service e.g.:
Those on the floor at a department store
Those behind the glass cases at a jeweler’s
Those across the counter at a fast-food joint
Those pulling box after box of shoes “from the back”
Nostalgia is a funny thing, and it gives our memories vivid colors that reality
never had. I think Paul Simon, who has said many things well, may have said it
best:
Kodachrome
They give us those nice bright colors
Give us the greens of summers
Makes you think all the world’s a sunny day, oh yeah
I got a Nikon camera
I love to take a photograph
So mama don’t take my Kodachrome away
A few lines later the narrator lets this fact seep through:
I know they’d never match my sweet imagination
And everything looks worse in black and white
During the final days of Lauren’s pregnancy, we were watching some “comfort
movies,” and we decided to watch 1977’s Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
While I’d seen it three or four times before, it was only in this viewing that
a profound truth became glaringly obvious: Richard Dreyfus’ iconic everyman
encountering the ineffable, Roy Neary, is terrible.
In my Kodachrome® recollection, Neary has a Jamesian mystical
experience that he can only render in sculpture (potato medium and purloined
property), hunted by shadowy government officials and scientists he reaches
Devil’s Tower, Wyoming, and is chosen by the extraterrestrials before he joins
them to jaunt happily beyond Earth to frolic among the stars. It has the
glitter and sheen of Spielberg of the early 80s: childlike wonder, lens flare,
and the messy reality of family.
In black and white consideration though, the modern audience (myself
included) asks: “Yeah, but what about his wife, his kids, the house he
totaled?” The last they saw Dad he was in the midst of his Jamesian crisis
and then he’s…gone.
As I asked myself this question, I had to ask, “why had I never thought to
ask that before?” Only with some huge planetoids of socially-indoctrinated
privilege could it be swallowed that Neary was a “hero” entitled to be a
Terran ambassador of humankind’s best. But in the Kodachrome® memories of
this film — he was. Privilege is a hell of a drug.
With the aid of critical theory (of the gender and economic kind), I’d like to
unpack this movie a bit more.
Oh, and let’s just say what doesn’t need much saying: Teri Garr was criminally
underused in this role.