I shall let those who founded the country speak for themselves:

“The government of the United States is in no sense founded on the Christian Religion.”

~ George Washington

“I do not find in Christianity one redeeming feature.”

~ Thomas Jefferson

“The Bible is not my book, nor Christianity my religion.”

~ Abraham Lincoln

“A just government has no need for the clergy or the church.”

~ James Madison

“I believe in an America where religious intolerance will someday end… where every man has the same right to attend or not attend the church of his choice.”

~ John F. Kennedy

“We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus — and nonbelievers.”

~ Barack Obama

“Geometry has two great treasures: one is the Theorem of Pythagoras; the other, the division of a line into extreme and mean ratio. The first we may compare to a measure of gold; the second we may name a precious jewel.” —Johannes Kepler

I’ve always been a fan of Kepler since I was in Holland and studied 16th century science. As Sagan said, he was the last of the mathematical astrologer or the first astronomer. Either way, Kepler and his odd sense of mysticism or keen sense of science managed to produce some stunning insights about the way our cosmos works, about planetary motion, and about geometry. In the quote above he refers to the “Golden Number” or the “Golden Ratio”: phi. Kepler, and his work, for me have always been one of those historical oddities of that era where Western science looked to shake off the shackles of church dogma and mysticism and become, properly, science. More odd trivia for me to know. Until…

After having finished Trig I thought that I would like to take a look at some of the finer points of subtending space by line, so I purchased this very nice “Mathematical Toolkit” for drawing lines, arcs, etc. at the local Office Depot the other night.

I haven’t really touched tools like these since early high school when I took Geometry, so it was a bit strange to reacquaint myself with their use. Figuring out how to create phi ratios, one of Kepler’s “treasures”, seemed like an obvious enough learning task. So I did. I shot pictures of the process and now share that process with you, Internet.

I pulled out some graph paper and made a square…

And made a golden rectangle from it…

And many more from that one…

Maybe try to draw something in the space?

It’s really a pity that our math classes and our science classes don’t always align. It’s very good to have practical hands on experience of that which you seek to model mathematically.